Thorp is the author of the bestseller Beat the Dealer, which transformed the game of blackjack. Legend. Thorp is the author of the bestseller Beat the Dealer, which transformed the game of blackjack. Thorp Edward O. An analysis of baccarat, backgammon, blackjack, gambling games, money management, roulette and the wheel of fortune. First, let's consider part l, the motion of the ball on the track. The Book That Made Las Vegas Change the Rules Over 1,000,000 Copies in Print Edward O. Back in the days when Edward wrote his book it wasn’t very safe for players to make any strategies public about beating the casinos or. Thorp is an American mathematics professor, hedge fund manager, and blackjack player. twelve pockets. ”—Nicholas G. the wheel head with the pockets where the ball bounces and finally settles into a pocket. Edward Thorp · Math genius who beat the dealer and the market. A Dozen Lessons on Investing from Ed Thorp. Edward Thorp is widely known as a. Thorp Is a Footnote to Gambling History By Ion Saliu, Gambling Mathematician At-Large. He interviewed counters for his book and they begged him not to write it because it would. The second most risky wager is on the split, as. Tuy nhiên, nhờ tình cờ tiếp cận với những ý tưởng và lĩnh vực mới, ông có cơ. com Abstract The first wearable computer was conceived in 1955 by the author to predict roulette, culminating in a joint effort at M. 000 seconds, and we think it takes 3. Along with innovative applications of probability theory, Thorp is also the New York Times bestselling author of Beat the. ”. com , iGaming Business , GamblingOnline , and Jackpots Review magazines, tells Thorp’s. The book is all about casino gaming and its strategy. Edward O. The book was. The system was a cigarette-pack sized analog computer with 4 push buttons. Thorp brought the phenomenon of card counting to light when his book was released in 1962,. Beating Mississippi Stud. 7% expected of a random bet. in January 1961. 17 neighbors bet on the racetrack then the completed bet will cover the following numbers: 2. The computer, and the system, worked, although Thorp chose to publish his results rather than leave academia and concentrate fulltime on winning money from casinos. 1: Thorp E. Physical Prediction of Roulette Ill by O. Edward o. Mar 12 2023. MacLean, Edward O. imagine we've found a casino with no maximum. The story has since been reprinted in "The Cyborg Handbook" edited by Chris Hables Gray. After 30+ years of successful trading, he’s currently worth $800 billion. " It's 1964 and Edward Thorp is on the television game show To Tell The Truth, sitting alongside two other well-dressed men also claiming to be Edward Thorp, a man so adept at card counting that he'd been barred from Las Vegas casinos. Using a now-ancient IBM 704 computer, Thorp cracked the code behind blackjack by analyzing the probabilities of the game. Beat the Dealer by Edward O Thorp (pp. Physical Prediction of Roulette Il 1979 by 0, Thorp by Edward O. 1306 Monte Vista Avenue. The track was curved like tube and the ball 'rattled around" erratically, up and down, as it orbited. * ROULETTE and the WHEEL OF FORTUNE -- Using the laws of physics to predict the next winning number. He and Claude Shannon, both professors, bought a regulation wheel in Reno, Nevada and set it up in Shannon’s basement. Along with innovative applications of probability theory, Thorp is also the New York Times bestselling author of Beat the. By Eliot Jacobson Ph. He was a mathematician and academic to start with, who developed interest in casino games like blackjack and roulette. Thorp said, “Winning the Science Talent Search was one of the main things. It sounds like you are superbly carrying out the methodology I've discussed in Gambling Times. They were a four-man team. Original Title ISBN "9781400067961" published on "2016--" in Edition Language: " English". E-textiles, in which. Sasuke Uchiha Free Online Casino@sasukeuchiha. 109: Edward Thorp – The Man Who Beat the Dealer, and Later, Beat the Market. Edward O. I was finishing my second year of. Applying Science to Roulette. How it also helped gamblers win at roulette and blackjack; and 3) How one of history’sEdward O Thorp worked his way up from nothing to become a professor at MIT. His new. Players may wager on particular conventional subsets Of random num-Listen to #596: Edward O. Simply spin the wheel and if you're lucky, it will land on a winning combination! From classic slots to multi-line slot machines, our recommended partners offer some of the best free slot games online. The idea to create the first advantage-play computer for winning roulette was born there. Beat the Dealer by Edward O Thorp (pp. Thorp in the Muriel Ansley Reynolds Gallery at Langson Library. Thorp ‘s life story reads like fiction (or fantasy)—from his time in Las Vegas, where he perfected how to beat the casino, to his tenure leading a. T. Articles from the UCI Libraries Special Collections and Archives, Edward O. 01. Thorp later proved players could beat the house in blackjack by. Thorp invented card counting, proving that you could do the seemingly impossible—beat the dealer at the blackjack table—and in doing so launched a gambling renaissance. These wagering requirements can vary wildly and turn a huge bonus on the surface into a stingy hassle. the rotor goes . This Mathematic professor had an amazing card. Thorp - the great mind behind Roulette. The Mathematics Of Gambling Edward O. Despite this, Henri Poincaré and Karl pear-son each examined roulette. Warren Buffett, crossed swords with a young Rudy Giuliani, detected the Bernie Madoff scheme, and, to beat the game of roulette, invented, with Claude Shannon, the world’s first. Edward O. the ball track where the ball goes round and round. Podcast – guest Jimmy Jazz 5. TheEdward Thorp was born August 14th 1932 in Chicago and is one of the most successful blackjack players in the world. His methods caused turmoil in some of the largest casinos in Las Vegas. As soon as they concluded that they had, in fact, found their edge, Shannon impressed upon Thorp the need for absolute secrecy. Conventional wisdom in the 1950s held that it is. Thorp, with Claude Shannon, also invented the first wearable computer in 1961 to win roulette as described in his 2017 book, A Man for All Markets. Thorp had first envisioned a technique for predicting. Edward Thorp & Claude Shannon: Two Inventors of Roulette Device. View details Get driving directions to Mgm Family Dental. The base track that sees the ball actually descending towards its ultimate goal, the pockets. Ziemba (Eds. You simply got mad after I invited you to put your roulette system to a test vis-à-vis mine. Edward O. Edward O. Maker - 2007. Thorp, a professor at MIT in the late 50s, wanted to find a way to get an edge of gambling games like blackjack, baccarat and even roulette. , Cantey W. A brief introduction to probability theory presenting step-by-step finite, discrete and. The device was worn strapped to the waist, with foot-switches hidden in a shoe to input the required data. Later, with that over- view to guide us, I'll explain some of the modifications we had to make and describe our casino ex- pen ences. Then it Became Work". Thorp was the scientist/math geek behind finding the best and most winning strategy for blackjack. Bí kíp giúp Edward Thorp thành bá chủ sòng bạc. 1. , Maisel H. He is known not only as a writer but also an inventor of the first device to win at roulette: he has invented it in 1961 together with Claud Shannon. The final operating version was tested in Shannon’s basement home lab in June of 1961. Blackjack Virtual Machine, Edward Thorp Roulette, Homero Blackjack, Poker Face Piano Sheet, 5 Free Spins Bonus Codes For Comeon Casino, Request A Recycling Centre Slot, Twitter Poker Staples edificiotriventoIn August of 1961, fabled mathematicians Edward O. In lab conditions, it worked brilliantly, but. Thorp’s in-the-trenches account of gaming the system(s) is a pleasure—and instructive, too. pages 69—70. He turned seemingly random processes into predictable events, transforming the art of speculation into a science decades before Wall Street’s quants became mainstream. They intended to try their luck at roulette, a game in which players bet on where a whirling ball will land after falling from an outer stationary track onto an inner spinning wheel. Edward Oakley Thorp is an American mathematics professor, hedge fund manager, and blackjack player. Guide to the Edward O. and roulette is one way we can learn enough to think through such issues. The most popular game is the American roulette game that has 38 pockets for the ball to land in. by Edward O. Thorp, together with other 6 blackjack celebrities which are. One early admirer was Warren Buffett, who having briefly shut down an early money management vehicle because stocks were too expensive, advised a client to sign on with. John Grochowski; Michael Kaplan;. Another player to beat roulette was Edward Thorp, who’s better known for inventing card counting in blackjack. The true odds are 36 to one; the payout is 35 to one. He used the device to demonstrate that Newtonian mechanics was able to defeat the game roulette. From Amazon: The incredible true story of the card-counting mathematics professor who taught the world how to beat the dealer and, as the first of the great quantitative investors, ushered in a revolution on Wall Street. Edward O. This is the long-awaited publication of Dr. Live Tables at Golden Tiger. MS. roulette). Thorp. Thorp began his gambling career while he was a professor at MIT. The Mathematics Of Gambling Edward O Thorp. Ed Thorp is a mathematician, former professor, hedge fund manager, book writer, and blackjack researcher. He also was the co-inventor of the. Edward Oakley Thorp (born August 14, 1932) is an American mathematics professor, author, hedge fund manager, and blackjack player. Blackjack Card Counting by Edward Thorp Footnote to Gambling History Ion Saliu 8/04/2000. Since we opened GamblingWithAnEdge. Thorp explains the mathematics of games such as blackjack, craps, roulette, baccarat, and more, and provides strategies for reducing the house edge. 1962. By applying these techniques to a standard casino-grade European roulette wheel, we demonstrate an expected return of at least 18%, well above the -2. Thorp presently turned his attention to roulette. Edward Oakley Thorp is an. He famously authored Beat the Dealer (1966), a book. 96 In (1 — In _36464 + 0. This week, the Global Gaming Business Podcast features an interview with Ed Thorp, the author of the 1962 book Beat the Dealer, which launched the blackjack card counting phenomenon that continues to this day. 2018. By Eliot Jacobson Ph. Experienced gamblers will sometimes want to play new games, but don't want to lose any money. Conclusion. Kassouf, influenced securities markets around the globe. Thorp has since. They analysed the various motions of the. From his invention of the first wearable computer to his groundbreaking work in card counting, Thorp has left an indelible mark on these. Collage of Edward O. Edward Thorp: The Man Who Invented Card Counting; Don Johnson: The Man Who Has Beaten The Casino; Gambling With James Grosjean; WRITERS. After roulette and blackjack, Thorp started looking at another card game — baccarat, popularised by Casino Royale, a James Bond movie. After publishing this section, somebody accused me of stealing the idea from Edward Thorp. Dr. One of these was Edward Thorp, who invented card counting – a technique that allowed him to beat casinos at Blackjack. the-mathematics-of-games-and-gambling-edward-packel Identifier-ark ark:/13960/t4hn41x42 Ocr ABBYY FineReader 11. Thorp papers. The Kelly Capital Growth Investment Criterion: Theory and Practice. As mentioned in our article on Bill Benter, Edward Thorp was made famous through his book Beat the Dealer. Blackjack: Software, Content, Resources,. Picture a roulette wheel divided up into eight segments: By June 1961, Thorp and Shannon had a working version of a device that could determine which of those segments would end up holding the ball. He is a math’s professor, author, hedge fund manager and a Blackjack researcher. This was another case of him using gambling for academic purposes, rather than to win money. The triple-zero roulette wheel is seen more in more casino and our 888casino expert breaks down the ins and outs of this option. For instance, if you make a No. Edward Thorp and Claude Shannon. Born August 14, 1932, in Chicago, he has degrees from various US Universities. 0112 seconds, then in 30 seconds we think the wheel will travel 9. A Roulette wheel is a traditional symbol for a system whose outcomes are arrived at by pure. 21forme Well-Known Member. A previous wearable roulette computer had been built and used in a casino by Edward O. Systems for Roulette Ill fortune, and the money wheel. Along with innovative applications of probability theory, Thorp is also the New York […] Edward O. Of course, my roulette theory, system, and software were pirated already! An Australian group behind the website named genuinewinner. n is the number of trials (spins) x is the number of times our bet wins. I. Thorp rose up from nothing to become a professor at MIT, invented card counting and the world’s first wearable computer, beat the casinos of Las Vegas at blackjack and roulette, then became a bestselling author and a hedge fund heavyweight, ushering in a revolution on Wall Street. Au début des années 1960, un étudiant en mathématiques résidant dans le Massachusetts, Edward Thorp, a décelé le secret de la roulette. He is best known for his seminal work, Beat the Dealer, originally published in 1962. name is Edward Thorp—the man who beat the dealer, and later, beat the market. Thorp, A Man For All Markets — Beating Blackjack and Roulette, Beating the Stock Market, Spotting Bernie Madoff Early, and Knowing When Enough is Enough | Brought to you by Wealthfront automated investing, Athletic Greens all-in-one nutritional supplement, and Eight Sleep’s Pod Pro Cover sleeping solution for dynamic cooling and. He also pioneered the use of quantitative investment techniques in the financial markets and. In short, it is an easy, effective, low bankroll system on the very popular roulette bets of dozens and columns. The Mathematics of Gambling Systems for Roulette I (such as SIOOO). If the ro- tor really makes One revolution in 3. Ed Thorp, the father of quant investing, might be the most impressive market wizard. Participationsuccesses at roulette, and good luck. Over 50 years later, it is still in the top five best-selling books. Adaptations. Physical Prediction of Roulette Il 1979 by 0, Thorp by Edward O. Edward O. Edward Thorp: Beating The. Thorp was a professor of both physics and mathematics at MIT. The Tim Ferriss Show Transcripts: Edward O. This was Edward’s system for capturing value (roughly 25% per year) while. Bets placed for a second or two after wheel is spun. The mathematician, Edward Thorp, described how to figure out the sequence of the cards and how to bet accordingly. Thorp proved it could. Edward Oakley Thorp. Edward Thorp – Công thức chiến thắng Roulette. Phil Hellmuth (Successful Poker Player with a Temper) Billy Walters (Famous Las Vegas Sports Gambler) Bill Benter (Among the Richest Gamblers in History) Edward O. Thorp, A Man for All Markets — Beating Blackjack and Roulette, Beating the Stock Market, Spotting Bernie Madoff Early, and Knowing When Enough Is Enough. July 22, 2017. while a mathematics instructor at MIT, became gambling (blackjack/roulette) theorist cohort with Claude Shannon (IQ=180±) and together they built pocket computer casino device. Related objects. Edward Thorp met Claude Shannon at the beginning of his career and they became good friends and partners: every weekend they went to Las Vegas in order to play their favorite blackjack and roulette and check their luck. A child of the Great Depression, legendary mathematician Edward O. He turned seemingly random processes into predictable events, transforming the art of speculation into a science decades before Wall Street’s quants became mainstream. We use cookies to improve your onsite experience and make our marketing relevant to you. Thorp had an accomplice at the roulette table, standing unobserved at the other end, pretending not to know his partner. but he also made lots of money playing roulette. Thorp. " To why. Thorp One reason I chose roulette to il- lustrate mathematical systems is that it is easy to understand the odds and probabilities. Edward Thorp: The Man Who Invented Card Counting; Don Johnson: The Man Who Has Beaten The Casino; Gambling With James Grosjean. Physical Prediction of Roulette Il 1979 by 0, Thorp by Edward O. The Riveting Story of Edward Thorp. I married (my present wife), I changed my field of study from physics to mathematics, and I be. Ed Thorp: “Blackjack was Fascinating. Thorp Table of Contents SECTION ONE-CARD GAMES 1 Chapter I: Introductory Statement 3 Chapter 2: Blackjack II Chapter 3: Baccarat 29 SECTION TWO-THE WHEELS . backgammon, blackjack, gambling games, money management, roulette and the wheel of fortune. netcom. He revolutionized gambling as he proved how to beat blackjack with card-counting and invented the first. The final operating version was tested in Shannon’s basement home lab in June of 1961. His book ‘Beat the Dealer’ wreaked havoc in the gambling world. In my opinion, Mississippi Stud (MS) is the most vulnerable proprietary game or side bet with widespread placement in casinos today. Renowned probability theorist Edward O. Thorp again focused his attention on gambling games with an analysis of: Edward Thorp used his blackjack card counting technique to beat the stock market and reach a $800 million net worth. casino blog Roulette strategy zone, with the best writers, articles, guides, and tips for American, French & European Roulette. What more is there to look up to? Thorp is a mathematics professor who developed card counting in the early 1960s, took it to Las Vegas and won. It's and Edward Roulette is on the television game show To Tell The Truthsitting alongside two other well-dressed men also claiming to be Edward Thorp, a man so adept at roulette counting that he'd been barred kopen Las Vegas machine. . It turned out that he was correct; it was possible to win. " "My name is Edward Thorp. Reading time: 6 mins. It was during the late-50’s and early-60’s, when Ed (Edward Thorp), a math genius and professor at MIT, took on the challenge of discovering a way to get an edge playing gambling games such as blackjack, roulette and baccarat. A quick story about who Edward Thorp is, and why you should pay attention to what he says. A child of the Great Depression, legendary mathematician Edward O. July 22, 2017. “What a CV!Thorp’s experience with the mathematics of blackjack, and later other casino games such as roulette and baccarat, prompted him to start applying his talents to the stock market. Thorp, A Man For All Markets — Beating Blackjack and Roulette, Beating the Stock Market, Spotting Bernie Madoff Early, and Knowing When Enough is Enough - May 25, 2022The first wearable computer was conceived in 1955 by Edward Thorp. By 1961, Thorp and Shannon reckoned they had a system that could accurately predict which of those zones would end up with the roulette ball. As Nassim Nicholas Taleb points out in the foreward to A Man For All Markets, Edward Thorp has written a book that, at times, reads more like a James Bond thriller than the memoir of a mathematician who ventured outside his academic field to beat casinos, both in Las Vegas and on Wall Street. Thorp & Associates, generated an annualized return of 18. Thorp. Edward O. It started the blackjack craze in the 60s. Thorp studied mathematics and physics at UCLA and has applied his mathematical and scientific know-how in novel ways during his career. His talk, “Fortune’s Formula: The Game of Blackjack” created quite a stir. If a card counter were to wager $1,000 every time he had the edge and make no other wagers, then on average this counter would make just over 15 cents per shoe in profit using the Thorp count. Please enjoy this transcript of my interview with Edward O. It started the blackjack craze in the 60s. . It was a mix between Follow the Last color bet selection and dealers signature. Lots of chips went flying! Those of you who read my memoir “ American Roulette ,” may remember that hilarious incident. Fortune's Formula. Nếu điểm số thấp nghĩa là còn nhiều quân bài có giá. Thorp, A Man For All Markets âEUR" Beating Blackjack and Roulette, Beating the Stock Market, Spotting Bernie Madoff Early, and Knowing When Enough is Enough: With Tim Ferriss. Thorp. Confuse the player. Edward O. "My name is Edward Thorp. and 90 GAMBLING TIMES The Mathematics of Gambling Physical Prediction of Roulette I by O. (1956) The Optimum. ly very irregular. Thorp Papers. His subsequent book, Beat the Market, co-authored with Sheen T. How it also helped gamblers win at roulette and blackjack; and 3) How one of history’s Edward O Thorp worked his way up from nothing to become a professor at MIT. Soon, he took what he knew and began applying it to the stock market and taking private clients. Thorp is a renowned mathematician, professor, and author who pioneered the fields of card counting, blackjack strategy, and quantitative finance. D. Edward O. To beat roulette, he and the father of information theory, Claude Shannon, invented the first wearable computer. Edward Thorp Gambling - Sugar High. The Mathematics of Gambling. 76 Ppi 300 Scanner Internet Archive HTML5 Uploader 1. For Edward Thorp, both gambling and investing are quite similar because both are based on probability and finding the edge can be done analytically. To beat roulette, he and Claude Shannon invented the first wearable computer. Thorp describes his research and discoveries. by Edward O. He later turned his focus to Roulette: believing that, if you knew the exact position and speed of. Author: Luke Holmes 14 Dec 2021 Ed Thorp is a mathematician, former professor, hedge fund manager, book writer, and blackjack researcher. Edward O. Related objects. In 1955, a second-year physics student at the University of California at Los Angeles, Edward Thorpe, inspired by the fame of Hibbs and Wolford, also decided to. Indeed, in 1969 Thorp did discuss a similar strategy in his book 'Beat the Dealer,' in the fourth chapter titled "A Winning Strategy. Beginners to free casino games generally wish to learn. Thorp invented cardClaude Elwood Shannon (April 30, 1916 – February 24, 2001) was an American mathematician, electrical engineer, computer scientist and cryptographer known as the "father of information theory". Along with innovative applications of probability theory, Thorp is. After learning how to beat casinos at their own games, Edward Thorp turned his attention to Wall Street. roulette and baccarat. pected. Thorp,. Edward Thorp was a mathematics genius, author, and college professor who started a revolution in Las Vegas as well as on Wall Street, through his card-counting techniques. Think of him as the mean who not only beat the dealers, but a person who also beat the markets. D. “In our mutual poverty,” he writes, musing on a study break with some fellow students, “the conversation readily. Discovered the Black-Scholes formula years earlier than the Nobel Prize winners but didn’t publish it as he felt it was his fiduciary duty to his clients to keep it secret and generate alpha. The Black And White Classic Invitational Backgammon Tournament. It was during the late-50’s and early-60’s, when Ed, a math g. No. It was proof that a tiny edge can compound a small bankroll into a fortune over time. As a 21-year-old master's degree student at the. The roulette wheel has three basic divisions: 1. Edward Oakley Thorpe was born in Illinois, Chicago, in the early 1930s. Born August 14, 1932 in Chicago, Illinois, Edward Oakley Thorp’s heightened level of intelligence was evident at a young age. Edward O. 1975. By measuring the an-of a roulette spin, and an assessment of its utility gular velocity of the ball relative to the wheel he was was described by Edward Thorp in a 1969 publica- able to predict correctly the half of the wheel into tion for the Review of the International Statistical which the ball would fall. Best Online Casino In Asia. 2. In easy-to-understand language, learn what a leading mathematician discovered in thirty years of computer-assisted research. For casino sites, it is better to give gamblers the option of trialing a new game for free than have them never experiment with new casino games at all. Thorp I will now take you through a simplified version of what we first tried to do. Thorp: In high school, it occurred to me that the roulette ball moves in a stately orbit like a planet. The Kelly bet is /, meaning the gambler should. I was finishing my second year of gradu ate physics at In the course of the next year I would make three decisions that would shape my life for the next 23 years. E-textiles, in which. Being mathematician is very nice to know that Jim Simons and Edward Thorp are the founders of algotrading :). T. T. Edward O. 16 plus 20 numbers = 36 divided by the 8 groups = 4. Thorp and Shannon also started to work together on the roulette plans. , Taleb, Nassim Nicholas: 9781400067961:. Play Slots, Blackjack, Bingo, Poker, Solitaire, Roulette and much more. Thorp, American mathematics professor, hedge fund manager, blackjack player, and founding faculty member at the University of California, Irvine. Thorp was born on 14 August, 1932 in Chicago, Illinois, U. Thorp, and William T. Play Here. Written by Frank Scoblete, best seller gaming author. computer for the purpose of advantage play for roulette, and later blackjack. Famous for playing: Blackjack, baccarat. " "My name is Edward Thorp. At 37, he started the first quant hedge fund that would net $273 million in the span of two decades. Stay in touch. Edward Thorp is a remarkable figure who has made significant contributions to the fields of mathematics, finance, and gambling. Reviews There are no reviews yet. By Frank Scoblete. November 14, 2017. The interview seemed to be in three parts, first his math and practice on winning at roulette, baccarat, and poker (card. Edward Thorp những tưởng cả đời mình sẽ sống với sự nghiệp học thuật, trong vai trò giáo sư tại nhiều trường đại học hàng đầu nước Mỹ. 8858. Thorp, a Man for All Markets - Beating Blackjack and Roulette, Beating the Stock Market (Podcast Episode 2022) on IMDb: Plot summary, synopsis, and more. in January 1961. 1966 (C) Ed Thorp and Claude Shannon reveal their invention of the first wearable computer, used to predict roulette The system was a cigarette-pack sized analog computer with 4 push buttons. He also provided a distinct perspective and opened up the concept of employing mathematical benefits in wagering because he was a scientist. Thorp Random House Publishing Group , Jan 24, 2017 - Biography & Autobiography - 416 pages The incredible true story of the card-counting mathematics professor who taught the world how to beat the dealer and, as the first of the great quantitative investors, ushered in a revolution on Wall Street. His innovative device exploited the imperfections of roulette wheels and provided a statistical edge to the player. Edward Thorp used his blackjack card counting technique to beat the stock market and reach a $800 million net worth. Learn more about his life and achievements in this comprehensive checklist of his publications, awards, and honors, compiled by the UCI Libraries. Roulette is a game of numbers with three colors thrown in; red, black and green (sometimes the color blue substitutes for green). 2% over a decade. Edward O Thorp had worked for. As Edward O. A nearly-universal method of releasing casino bonuses is putting a wagering requirement on them. You’re only ever betting on two groups in each game, so 4. • Shannon's colleague, Edward Thorp, applied scientifi c ideas to develop a card. 4 pockets farther than ex. Release date 24. But his winning streak just came after that. Thorp (@edwardothorp), author of the bestseller Beat the Dealer, which transformed the game of blackjack.